There is no standard guideline for what makes sunscreen reef-safe, but some states and destinations have laws and restrictions in place:
Hawaii
In 2018, Hawaii passed Act 104, banning the sale of sunscreens containing oxybenzone and octinoxate, which are chemicals that can cause coral bleaching. The law went into effect in 2021.
Key West, Florida
In early 2019, Key West banned the sale of sunscreens containing oxybenzone and octinoxate.
Aruba, Bonaire, Palau, and the U.S. Virgin Islands
These destinations have also banned sunscreens containing oxybenzone, octocrylene, and/or octinoxate. Some bans forbid the sale or distribution of sunscreens with prohibited ingredients, while others forbid having one in your possession.
To choose a reef-safe sunscreen, you can look for sunscreens that contain physical UV-blocking ingredients like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. These ingredients form a physical block to shield skin from absorbing rays. You can find these ingredients listed on the sunscreen tube.
You can also consider the following tips for using reef-safe sunscreen:
Avoid lotions that contain microplastics, nanoparticles, PABA, parabens, or triclosan.
Choose lotions over sprays and mists, as inhaling titanium dioxide from sprays and mists can be harmful.
Use reusable containers made from recycled materials or plant-based sources like cardboard.